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倫敦2026年1月13日 /美通社/ -- 隨著 Henley Passport Index 邁入 20 週年，2026 年最新公佈的指數揭示，全球流動性最高與最低的人口之間，鴻溝正日益擴大。該指數依據國際航空運輸協會（IATA）的獨家 Timatic 數據，按持有人無需預先簽證即可進入的目的地數量，對全球所有護照進行排名。儘管現時位列榜首的護照數量創下新高，但排名榜末的護照卻日益孤立，凸顯全球流動性差距不斷加劇。 新加坡成功衛冕「全球最強護照」地位，享有 192 個目的地的免簽證待遇。相反，阿富汗再次敬陪末座，僅獲 24 個目的地免簽。兩者相差 168 個目的地，反映了 2026 年全球流動性不平等的程度——與 2006 年相比，差距驚人地擴大；當時排名首位的美國與阿富汗之間僅相差 118 個目的地。 「過去 20 年，全球流動性雖顯著擴展，但利益分配不均，」Henley & Partners 主席 Christian H. Kaelin 博士指出，「今時今日，護照特權在塑造機遇、安全和經濟參與度方面，起著決定性作用。」 即使國際旅遊需求持續增長，這種失衡現象仍在加劇。IATA 預測，今年航空公司將接載全球超過 52 億人次乘客。 「預計 2026 年外遊人數將創歷史新高，」IATA 總幹事 Willie Walsh 表示，「然而，隨著多國政府收緊邊境，決策者不應忽視數碼身分及數碼護照等技術進步。便捷旅遊與邊境安全是可以並存的。」 英國錄得最大按年跌幅，美國重返十大 日本及韓國於 2026 年並列第二，各享 188 個免簽目的地。丹麥、盧森堡、西班牙、瑞典及瑞士緊隨其後，並列第三（186 個目的地）；隨後更有史無前例地多達 10 個歐洲國家並列第四。 歐洲繼續主導排名上游位置，值得注意的例外包括阿聯酋（第 5 位）、紐西蘭（第 6 位）澳洲（第 7 位）、加拿大（第 8 位）及馬來西亞（第 9 位）。 美國在 2025 年底短暫跌出十大後，現重返第 10 位；但此回升掩蓋了美國及英國（2014 年曾並列榜首）的長期跌勢。過去一年，英美兩國的免簽待遇均錄得歷來最大年度跌幅，分別減少了 7 個及 8 個目的地。過去 20 年間，美國排名累計下跌 6 位至第 10 位，英國則下跌 4 位至第 7 位。 「護照實力最終反映的是政治穩定性、外交公信力及制定國際規則的能力，」獲獎記者兼維也納人文科學研究所所長 Misha Glenny 表示，「隨著跨大西洋關係緊繃、國內政局越趨波動，美英等國的流動權利遭到削弱，這與其說是技術異常，不如說是地緣政治深度重整的訊號。」 數十年升跌幅最大國家 阿聯酋是過去 20 年 Henley Passport Index 表現最強勁的國家。受惠於持續的外交互動及簽證放寬政策，該國自 2006 年以來新增了 149 個免簽目的地，全球排名躍升 57 位至第 5 位，現享有 184 個目的地的免簽證待遇。 西巴爾幹及東歐國家亦取得顯著進展，由阿爾巴尼亞（上升 36 位至第 43 位）、烏克蘭（上升 34 位至第 30 位）、塞爾維亞（上升 30 位至第 34 位）及北馬其頓（上升 27 位至第 38 位）領跑。 玻利維亞是唯一在過去 20 年免簽待遇整體倒退的國家，排名下跌 32 位，於 2026 年位列第 61 位。 若僅看過去十年，科索沃錄得最大升幅，攀升 38 位；中國則上升 28 位。兩國目前並列指數第 59 位，享有 81 個目的地的免簽待遇。 開放邊境與緊閉大門 儘管美國護照持有人享有 179 個目的地的免簽待遇，但美國僅允許 46 個國籍人士免簽入境，在 Henley Openness Index 中排名全球第 78 位，這是全球外遊流動性與入境准入之間差距最大的國家之一。 相比之下，中國在過去兩年新增逾 40 個免簽國後，現已允許 77 個國籍人士免簽入境，排名第 62 位。 「全球權力平衡正出現明顯轉移，標誌是中國重啟開放，而美國則退守民族主義，」Grant Thornton China 合夥人 https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/global-mobility-report/2026-january/shifting-influence-chinas-openness-vs-americas-nationalismTim Klatte 博士表示，「隨著各國日益透過流動性爭奪影響力，開放度正成為軟實力的關鍵一環。」 委託進行的 Henley Global Mobility Report 2026 分析警告，美國海關及邊境保護局於 2025 年底提出的一項建議，可能實際上終結免簽計劃下的免簽旅遊。42 個盟國的公民可能需提交廣泛的個人、生物特徵及數碼數據，措施最快可能於 2 月實施。 大西洋理事會非常駐高級研究員 Greg Lindsay 警告：「這種程度的數據收集使實時意識形態審查成為可能，並帶來個人資料可能被分享、重新利用或武器化的風險。」 這些建議是在現代歷史上規模最大的一次美國旅遊禁令同步擴展之後提出的。自 2026 年 1 月 1 日起，全面或部分入境限制現已適用於 39 個國家。 隨著風險管理成為優先事項，流動性規劃加速 對額外居留權及公民身分權利的需求持續上升。2025 年，Henley & Partners 接獲來自 100 個國籍的申請，整體數量按年增長 28%。美國現已成為該行最大的客戶市場。 「在持續的政治動盪中，美國人繼續爭相尋求替代居留權及公民身分，」天普大學法學院教授 Peter J. Spiro 表示，「這曾經被視為極端的應急措施，現已成為風險管理的主流形式。」 查看完整新聞稿
LONDON, Jan. 13, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Marking two decades since its inception, the Henley Passport Index 2026 reveals a widening divide between the world's most and least mobile populations. Based on exclusive Timatic data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the index ranks all global passports by the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa. While a record number of passports now cluster at the top of the rankings, those at the bottom remain increasingly isolated, underscoring a growing global mobility gap. Singapore retains its position as the world's most powerful passport, offering visa-free access to 192 destinations. At the opposite end, Afghanistan once again ranks last, with access to just 24 destinations. The resulting 168-destination gap illustrates the scale of global mobility inequality in 2026 — a dramatic widening since 2006, when the difference between the then top-ranking US passport and Afghanistan was only 118 destinations. "Over the past 20 years, global mobility has expanded significantly, but the benefits have been distributed unevenly," says Dr. Christian H. Kaelin, Chairman at Henley & Partners. "Today, passport privilege plays a decisive role in shaping opportunity, security, and economic participation." This imbalance is intensifying even as international travel demand continues to grow. IATA forecasts that airlines will carry more than 5.2 billion passengers globally this year. "A record number of people are expected to travel in 2026," says IATA Director General Willie Walsh. "But as many governments look to tighten their borders, technological advances such as digital ID and digital passports should not be overlooked by policymakers. Convenient travel and secure borders are possible." UK Records the Steepest Year-on-Year Losses, US Back in the Top 10 Japan and South Korea rank joint 2nd in 2026, each offering visa-free access to 188 destinations. Denmark, Luxembourg, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland follow in 3rd place with access to 186 destinations, ahead of an unprecedented group of 10 European countries tied for 4th. Europe continues to dominate the upper tiers, with notable exceptions including UAE (5th), New Zealand (6th), Australia (7th), Canada (8th), and Malaysia (9th). The US has returned to the Top 10 after briefly dropping out in late 2025, but this recovery masks a longer-term decline for both the US and the UK, which jointly held 1st place in 2014. Over the past year, both countries recorded their steepest annual losses in visa-free access, shedding seven and eight destinations respectively. Over the past two decades, the US has fallen six places to 10th, while the UK has dropped four places to 7th. "Passport power ultimately reflects political stability, diplomatic credibility, and the ability to shape international rules," says Misha Glenny, award-winning journalist and Rector of the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. "As transatlantic relations strain and domestic politics grow more volatile, the erosion of mobility rights for countries like the US and UK is less a technical anomaly than a signal of deeper geopolitical recalibration." Biggest Risers and Fallers Over the Decades The UAE stands out as the strongest performer on the Henley Passport Index over the past 20 years, adding 149 visa-free destinations since 2006 and climbing 57 places to 5th on the rankings with access to 184 destinations visa-free, driven by sustained diplomatic engagement and visa liberalization. Countries across the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe have also made significant gains, led by Albania (+36 to 43rd), Ukraine (+34 to 30th), Serbia (+30 to 34th), and North Macedonia (+27 to 38th). Bolivia is the only country on the index to have seen an overall decline in visa-free access over the past 20 years, falling 32 places to rank 61st in 2026. If we consider just the past decade, Kosovo has recorded the biggest rise, climbing 38 places, while China has risen 28 places, positioning both countries as joint 59th on the index, with access to 81 destinations visa-free. Open Borders, Closed Doors While US passport holders enjoy visa-free access to 179 destinations, America allows only 46 nationalities to enter without a prior visa, ranking 78th globally on the Henley Openness Index — one of the widest gaps worldwide between outbound mobility and inbound access. China, by contrast, now permits visa-free entry to 77 nationalities and ranks 62nd, following the addition of more than 40 countries over the past two years. "There is a visible shift underway in the global balance of power, marked by China's renewed openness and the USA's retreat into nationalism," says Dr. Tim Klatte, Partner at Grant Thornton China. "As countries increasingly compete for influence through mobility, openness is becoming a critical component of soft power." Analysis commissioned for the Henley Global Mobility Report 2026 warns that a late-2025 proposal by US Customs and Border Protection could effectively end visa-free travel under the Visa Waiver Program. Citizens of 42 allied nations may be required to submit extensive personal, biometric, and digital data, with implementation possible as early as February. "This level of data collection enables real-time ideological screening and creates the risk that personal information could be shared, repurposed, or weaponized," warns Greg Lindsay, non-resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council. These proposals follow the most extensive simultaneous expansion of US travel bans in modern history. From 1 January 2026, full or partial entry restrictions now apply to 39 countries. Mobility Planning Accelerates as Risk Management Becomes a Priority Demand for additional residence and citizenship rights continues to rise. In 2025, Henley & Partners received applications from 100 nationalities, with overall volumes up 28% year-on-year. The US is now the firm's largest client market. "Americans are continuing their scramble for alternative residence and citizenship amid ongoing political turbulence," says Prof. Peter J. Spiro, Professor at Temple University Law School. "What was once seen as an extreme contingency has become a mainstream form of risk management." Read Full Press Release
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